the upper crust meaning in English
面包的表皮
Examples
- Depths of these hypocenters concentrate at about 12km deep in the upper crust .
这些震源深度集中在地壳上部约12公里处。 - The deformations at the surface of the crust after rainfalls have close relations to the occurrence of shallow shocks in the upper crust .
雨后地壳表面的形变与地壳上部发生的浅源地震密切相关。 - These studies , therefore , suggest that the songsugou peridotite is not a tectonic massif of the upper mantle but a ultramafic magmatic rock body crystallized in deep crust and tectonically emplaced in the upper crust
从而证明了松树沟橄榄岩体并不是上地幔岩石的残片，而是由岩浆在深部地壳环境下结晶而成并以固态构造侵位于地壳的上部。 - The characters of velocity ' s distribution within the mid - layer of the middle crust resemble that of the upper crust ' s bottom layer , and the velocity strongly disturbed . the prominent higher velocity anomalies exist below the linbi uplift and the hu - su uplift within this layer
中地壳的中间层速度分的基本特征类似上地壳底部，横向均匀性显著；中地壳下部速横向不均匀性明显，在灵壁隆起和湖苏隆起的下部有显著的高速异常。 - The surface loading of the mountains and the associated root of thickened crust produce horizontal deviatoric tension in the strong upper crust . in contrast , the deep , dense lithospheric root and its associated downflexing of the surface produce horizontal compressive deviatoric stress in the strong near - surface layer . the actual state of stress in the strong layer of the upper crust is the combined effect of these two opposite stress systems together with bending and other local and regional stresses such as due to ridge push
模拟结果表明：由于均衡机制，造山带下部的低密度山根促使地壳隆升、造山，山根是地壳刚性层中张性构造应力的主要力源；与此相反，冷的高密度岩石圈向软流圈插入、拆离、下沉，从而形成岩石圈根，它引起挤压造山和岩石圈地幔物质的重新调整，也是地壳刚性层中挤压性构造应力的主要力源。